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Overview
 

History
      Ancient Tunisia was a Phoenician colony.  By the mid-5th century BC Carthage controlled commerce in the central Meciterranean.  Carthage became part of the Roman empire and was included in the Byzatine Empire after the hooligans took the city in Ad 439.  In 698 the Arabs took Carthage and established Tunis (capital of tunisia).  Tunisia was a province of Arab and Muslim empires through the 15th century.  The Normans controlled Tunis from 1148 to 1160.  After the Moraccan rule, Tunisia was again incorporated into empires ruled from Baghdad and Cairo.  However, Berber families controlled provincial governments.  In the early 16th century Spanish and Ottoman Turks battle for control over Tunisia. In 1574 the Ottomans ended Spanish rule.  It was ruled as a monarchy by beys and deys, who were officers of the Ottoman occupation forces.  When France occupied Algeria, Tunisian affairs were controlles by France, Great Bitain, amd Italy.  In 1883 Tunisia became a French protectorate. France controlled the government even though the monarchy continued.  Tunisian independence movement began in 1920 , when the Destour, or Constitution, party called for a self-governing constitutional regime with an elected legislature.  The nationalist government was revived in 1934 by the New Constitution, party, led by lawyer Habib Bourguiba.
 

Geography

• Capital:  Tunis
• Other Cities: El Kef, Gafsa, and El Borma
• Landforms: Atlas Mountains, Djebel Chambi Mountains, Medjerda River, Gulf of Tunis, The Chott el Djerid (the largest salt lake), Gulf of gabes, gulf of Hammanent, plateaus
• Neighbors: Libya and Algeria
• Climate: temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in

               south

• Currency: Tunisian dinar
• GDP (per capita): $6,500
• Labor force breakdown:
• Inflation rate:  3%
• Major exports: textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products,

               hydrocarbons
• Other industries:  petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles,

               footwear, food, beverages
• Trading partners: Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Libya  
• Debt: $13 billion

Current Event

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